Muscles of Shoulder Joint

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Rotator cuff:

The rotator cuff is an anatomical term given to the group of four muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. These muscles are:

MUSCLES

ATTACHMENT

FUNCTIONS

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous Fossa

Insertion: Greater Tubercle of The Humerus

Performs abduction of the arm, and pulls the head of the humerus medially towards the glenoid cavity.

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinatus Fossa

Insertion: Infraspinous Fossa of The Scapula, Greater Tubercle of The Humerus.

External rotation of the shoulder

Teres minor

Origin: Axillary Border of The Scapula

Insertion: Humerus

Help hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser Tubercle of The Humerus

Internal rotation

Adduction of humeral head.

 

 

Other muscles:

MUSCLES

ATTACHMENT

FUNCTION

Serratus Anterior

Origin: On the Surface of The Upper Eight Ribs.

Insertion: Medial Border of The Scapula.

Aids in rotation and abduction of the shoulders

Subclavius

Origin: First Rib.

Insertion: Subclavian Groove of The Clavicle.

Depresses the lateral clavicle

Pectoralis Minor

Origin: Third, Fourth, And Fifth Ribs.

Insertion: Coracoid Process of The Scapula.

Medially rotates the scapula, protracts the scapula, and also draws the scapula inferiorly.

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: The Manubrium of The Sternum and The Clavicle.

Insertion: Sternum, The Clavicle, And the Mastoid Process.

Flex and rotate the head

Aids in respiration by elevating the sternoclavicular joint when the head is fixed.

Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor

Origin: Spinous Processes of The Thoracic Vertebrae T1 To T5, Spinous Processes of The Seventh Cervical.

Insertion: Inner Border of The Scapula.

Downward rotation of the scapula.

Adduction of the scapula.

Trapezius

Origin: Occipital Bone, Nuchal Ligament.

Insertion: Outer Clavicle, The Acromion Process, And into The Spine of The Scapula.

Depression, upward rotation, elevation, and retraction of scapula.

Levator Scapulae

Origin: Transverse Processes of Cervical Vertebrae 1-4

Insertion: Inner Border of The Scapula

Rotating the scapula downward and elevating the scapula.

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: Spinous Processes of The Vertebrae.

Insertion: Intertubercular Groove of The Humerus.

Adducts, extends and rotates the humerus inwards.

 

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